Lascaux 12 – various
topics, among them the bird goddess of Old Europe, eye-formula and
wheel-metaphor, etymology of word, what are numbers?,
a deep dualism, mathematical logic based on the formula a = a
and the wider logic of equal unequal, Etruscan in the light of
Magdalenian, Proto-PIE belt / © 2016 Franz Gnaedinger
(bird goddess and
Horus falcon – early calendars)
In
the spring of 2004 the Vinca (vincha)
script arose my curiosity. What if the bird goddess of Old Europe (a term
coined by Marija Gimbutas;
Mesolithic and Neolithic Balkans) had been Ki Ri Ke given as cross line
angle? surviving in Homer's Kirkae
English Circe? and could the schematic bird woman
depicted on a shallow bowl from Gradesnica in western
Bulgaria and a Bohemian pottery mark have encoded a calendar of the four
seasons? kirike30.GIF
/ kirike31.GIF
25 25 25 16
25 25 25 16 25 25 25
16 25 25 25 16 plus 1 or 2 days
are
a regular year of 365 and occasional leap year of 366 days, the short periods
of 16 16 16 and 17 or 18 days covering the equinoxes and solstices.
Now
there is a lunar aspect. Seven lunations or synodic
months counted in a Stone Age way are matched by several sequences of nine
calendar periods each
30 29 30 29 30 29 30 sum 207 days
25 25 25 16 25 25 25 16 25 sum 207 days
25 25 16 25 25 25 16 25 25 sum 207 days
25 16 25 25 25 16 25 25 25 sum 207 days
Near
the end of 2004 followed the lunisolar calendar of
the Göbekli Tepe and the
Horus modification of Ancient Egypt.
Göbekli
Tepe calendar: a month had 30 days, a year 12 months
plus 5 and occasionally 6 more days, while 63 continuous periods of 30 days are
1,890 days and correspond to 64 lunations or synodic
months; mistake less than one minute per lunation, or half a day in a lifetime.
(15
and 17 lunations counted in the 30 29 30 mode yield
443 and 502 days respectively. 17 15 17 15 17 or 17 32 49 64 81 lunations are then 502 443 502 443 502 or 502 945 1447 1890
2392 days.)
Horus
calendar: the solar eye of the Horus falcon represented a month of 30 days; the
lunar eye one lunation or synodic month of 30 days multiplied by the Horus eye
series '2 '4 '8 '16 '32 '64 yielding 29 '2 '32 days or 29 days 12 hours 45
minutes (modern average of a synodic month 29d 12h 44m 2.9s).
This
calendar was encoded in the myth of Seth who destroyed the lunar eye of the
Horus falcon whereupon wise Thoth healed it by assembling the parts '2 and '4
and '8 and 16 and '32 and '64 of the metaphorical eye (a story being more
easily memorized and remembered than mere numbers).
Early
2005 saw the reconstruction of the amazing lunisolar
calendar of Lascaux and start of the Magdalenian 'time travel'.
Now
for the names of the Horus falcon and the bird goddess Ki Ri
Ke of Old Europe in the light of the Magdalenian
approach to early language.
AAR
RAA NOS was the sky god of the Göbekli Tepe region, he of air AAR and light RAA with a mind NOS
(of his own). His guises were a bull or a man (his head visualized ex negativo by the big limestone ring) or a bird. His bird
emanation accounts for Basque aruna 'eagle, vulture'
and German Aar, König der Lüfte,
poetic for eagle, king of the airs (plural).
AAR
RAA became Greek hora (with omega, long o) that
covers a variety of short and middle and long periods of time, time originally
counted and measured via changes of light RAA in the air AAR - day and night,
moving sun and moon and stars. Latin hora Italian ora French heure English hour
have restricted meanings (one hour some 30 diameters of sun or full moon along
the ecliptic).
AAR
RAA CA named Horus as the one of air AAR and light RAA in the sky CA, the
longer version CA AAR RAA CA the bird goddess Ki Ri Ke via the onomatopoeic shortening
CA AAR RAA CA ki Ri ke Ki-Ri-Ke Kirkae Circe
Athene
appeared in the bird guises of the sea eagle and the little owl Athene noctua. A warning call of
the latter is rendered as Kij Kij
Kij in German and kekeke in
English
Kij Kij Kij kekeke Ki Ri
Ke
Kirkae
hovered as owl above the men she guided, 'owl-eyed Athene'
rose into the sky 'like an owl'.
The
bird woman on the bowl from Gradesnica resembles a
song thrush known for beautiful melodies. Kirkae sung
in a beautiful voice while weaving her cloth in a cave. We may assume that she
wove the fabric of life.
(how the edible
olive arrived in the Argolis – Phaistos Disc
again)
Here
is how the edible olive reached the Argolis – a hermeneutic hypothesis
that may one day be tested genetically, since the genome of the olive has been
decoded.
Derk
Ohlenroth deciphered the Phaistos
Disc, a pair of clay discs baked together. One side is about Tiryns, the other
about Elaia’s grove at Phigalia.
Here my translation in freestyle English.
Tiryns
disc, spiral text, beginning with the rosette in the center, self-deification
of Eponymous Tiryns who compares himself to Zeus the shining one via shining
Tiryns:
Zeus is the shining one also when Zeus is
the Lycaion one
whose lovers give birth to his equals. And if Tiryns is a
shining town,
I, (Eponymous) Tiryns, am the shining
one’s equal
Tiryns
disc, text along the margin, beginning with the rosette, a banning formula of
archaic power, warning potential intruders, enhancing the protection provided
by the palisade around the acropolis of Tiryns with word magic:
Marked by the god and lonely forever and
without any hope for salvation
shall return
without a shadow who tries to intrude the sanctuary
(Zeus shrine in the former Round Building
on top of the acropolis)
Elaia
disc, invoking Despoina whose taboo name was Nyx ‘Night’, daughter of Demeter-Elaia
in the guise of a mare (Black Demeter-Melaina) and
Poseidon in the guise of a stallion; instructing a visitor of the grove how to
call forth Nyx and get the oracle of her priestesses:
Enter Elaia’s
grove and kindle peeled wood, beat the ground around
the smoke and
neigh suddenly like a pair of horses (imitating the couple
of Demeter-Elaia and Poseidon in their equine guises): Aio aé! hyauax!
Come, Shadowy One, Noble Late Night, born
anew by the goddess
Follows
my archaeological and historical interpretation (differring
from the one by Ohlenroth) in form of a fable.
A
hopeful young man from Lycosoura on the Peloponnese
loved to visit Elaia’s grove where he learned all
about planting cereals and edible olives (Greek Elaia
means olive) and keeping bees in transportable hives. Also he got an oracle by
the priestesses who were fond of him: Take a handful of cereal grains and an
armful of olive twigs to the Argolis and cultivate the plain, avert a famine,
and you might become king of a polis there … So he did. He went to the Argolis,
planted cereals and edible olives and installed bee hives everywhere. And
really, he averted a famine and was appointed king of Tiryns in the Middle
Helladic period of time.
He
had a Minoan friend in Phaistos on Crete, a talented
goldsmith and scribe who made a pair of gold discs for him to wear on his
shoulders. The clay maquettes, baked together,
survived in a chamber of the old palace of Phaistos,
and are known as – Phaistos Disc. A fresco in
the Middle Helladic palace of Tiryns showed the king and his successors as
lion-wolf-dog-bee kings worshipping Demeter, goddess of cereals, her gown
decorated with grains, and the sky raining them, while between the kings were
seen vertical olive twigs. The first king in line, Eponymous Tiryns, rose a
libation jug in honor of the goddess, behind her the eagle of Zeus. The lion is
a royal animal, the wolf lives in a pack, the dog is watchful, and the bee a
most industrious helper of farmers. The palace and the frescoes within are
lost, however, another gifted Minoan goldsmith crafted a gold signet ring
showing the scene in an oval only some 5 cm across, with very fine details,
even clearly visible spirals on the shoulders of the kings – the
hypothetical gold discs ring.gif / ring2.JPG The ring survived in a cache of Tiryns. Can we hope that
also the pair of
gold discs are hidden in a not yet discovered cache of the lstill
unexcavated lower part of the acropolis?
Homer
in the Odyssey gives the lineage Zeus – Arkeisios
– Laertes – Odysseus – Telemachos.
Lord Laertes the gardener who planted the olive tree around which Odysseus and
Penelope build their immoveable bed – symbol of the everlasting Greek
civilization – may well be Eponymous Tiryns, or rather his dynasty in the
Middle Minoan / Helladic period of time.
There
is much more to say, but I make it short by showing a ring from Mokhlos on Crete, Elaia in her
boat which turns into a horse, with her an olive tree, on the sky a large bee elaia.GIF
Hypothesis:
edible olives reached the Argolis earlier than hitherto assumed, coming from
Asia Minor via Minoan Crete to the western then eastern Peloponnese. Now that
the genome of the long living olive tree has been decoded one might be able to
trace back variants for a couple of millennia.
(eye-formula and
wheel-metaphor)
OC right eye, open eyes
CO attentive mind
POL fortified settlement, Greek polis
'town'
LOP enveloping hedge, fence, palisade,
wall
OC
CO was a formula for the open eyes gathering fleeting visual impressions that
are woven into stable pictures by the mind CO, Italian occhio
German Auge English eye Greek omma
(guttural stop replaced by a labial one) Sanskrit aksi,
while CO OC has the meaning of look, a noun in Scottish keek
and imperatives in German guck and Dutch kijk.
CO
OC LOP named the organization of an early town: in the center the ruler of the
focused mind CO surrounded by watchful guards of the open eyes OC along the
enveloping wall LOP, Cyclops, cyclopic wall, Greek kyklos 'circle, ring, cycle, group, margin of a shield,
disc, ring wall or town wall', en kyklo 'round
about', Proto-Indo-European *kwekwlos 'wheel' English
wheel Sanskrit chakra 'wheel'. OC CO LOP named the guards of the open eyes OC
around the ruler of the focused mind CO along the enveloping palisade or wall
LOP, Latin oculus 'eye' Greek ops genitive opos 'eye,
face'.
LOP
OC OC might perhaps account for Old English locian Middle English loc(i)en New English look, and for dialectal German lugen 'to look out'; POL OC CO maybe for peek and peep
(again replacing a guttural stop by a labial one).
Cyclopes
had been one-eyed giants who personified early towns, most famous Polyphem, Homeric symbol of Troy. Polyphem
resembled more a wooded mountain top than a man who eats bread. His one eye was
the acropolis overlooking the wide river plain, his body downtown Troy VIIa that provided protected shelter for 5,000 to 10,000
people. CO OC LOP is overformed by kyklos ops 'round eye' but the original form and meaning
are still recognizeable.
PIE
*kwekwlos 'wheel' was inspired by round early towns
like Dimini and sometimes wheel-like ground plans of
fortified settlements in the Transural ('nation of
towns'), moreover by a possible rite of magically enforcing a palisade or wall
by riding or driving – wheeling – three times around it, reciting
banning formulae against potential intruders. (Eberhard
Zangger believes that Achilles broke such a spell by
dragging Hector's body three times around the wall of Troy.) The wheel metaphor
was easily established: ruler and hub; guards (their glances and arrows flying
radially) and spokes; ring wall and tire.
OC CO occhio Auge eye omma aksi
CO OC keek guck kijk
OC CO LOP oculus 'eye'
CO OC LOP Cyclops kyklos
*kwekwlos wheel chakra; (maybe also goggle)
LOP OC CO locian loc(i)en look lugen
(?)
POL OC CO peek peep (?`)
The
concept of CO OC LOP and OC CO LOP is visualized by the Tiryns discmor side of the Phaistos
Disc: the ruler of the focused mind CO near thecenter
(male profile, tattoo on the cheek, uper circle
invoking Middle Helladic Sseyr Homeric Zeus, lower
circle Eponymus Tiryns who governs in the name of the
god), surrounded by soldiers who guard the entrance and look over the palisade
LOP that is enforced by the archaic banning formula written along the margin of
the Tiryns disc. The same organization is encoded in the shields of the
soldiers: a central dot surrounded by six dots along the inside of the circle.
A
blot surrounded by a circle of smaller blots can be seen four times on the
staring plaster head from Mycenae: on forehead, cheeks, and chin. This was the
Argos eye, emblem of the watchful union of Helladic towns in the Argolis:
Tiryns in the center, surrounded (in clockwise direction) by Mycene Berbati Midea Nauplion (Argivian bay) Lerna Magoula Argos, moreover Dalamarna
between Argos and Tiryns.
By
the way, ITA CA Ithaca would originally have been the Argolis then the
Peloponnese, young bull ITA sky CA, under the sky of the young Zeus bull,
surviving in the name of a relatively small island off the south-western
Peloponnese, while ATI CA Attica, mature bull ATI sky CA, under the sky of the
mature Zeus bull, named the center of the classical Greek civilization. POL LOP
Peloponnese was the land of the many fortified settlements POL enveloped in
palisades or walls LOP, personified by PAS LOP Penelope, everywhere PAS
enveloping palisades and walls LOP ...
(wheel of time
– Tao Te Ching 11
verse 1)
Remember
the comparison of a round early town and a wheel
ruler of the
focused mind in the center -- hub
guards of the
open eyes watching out -- spokes
ring wall -- tire
A
wheel of thirty spokes is mentioned in Lao Tsu, Tao Te Ching, 11 verse 1, from the
translation by James Legge
The thirty spokes unite in the one wheel,
but it is on the
empty space for the axle
that the use of
the wheel depends.
The
hub or 'empty space for the axle' stands for the Tao and, considering the above
comparison of early town and wheel, also for the ruler who governs along the
Tao. Moreover there might be a connection to the Göbekli
Tepe calendar: each spoke a month of 30 days while 63
periods of 30 days are 1,890 days that correspond to 64 lunations
or synodic months, 64 being the number of houses in the circle of the I Ching.
Tao
might be one further derivation of DhAG meaning able,
good in the sense of able.
The
Oceanians worship their ancestors in the form of
stone sculptures they call Tikis (plural). A Tiki (singular) is half god half human. Maybe also Tiki derives from DhAG ? As far as I know the Oceanians
came from Taiwan, and if this island should once have been a Late Magdalenian
outpost, and if its name is ancient, it might originally have been DhAG PAS, accounting for both Taiwan and its capital Tai-Peh, able ones DhAG everywhere
PAS, Tai containing Chinese da 'great'.
(word Wort verbum mot parola parole parler – word and tambourine)
Magdalenian
proposes BIR DAP as origin of English word, fur BIR activity of hand DAP,
naming a speech held by a shaman or shamaness to the
sound of a beaten DAP BIR tambourine. A variation would have accounted for
German Wort 'word', BIR TON, fur BIR that makes a
sound TON when tapped upon, inverse TON BIR for tambour and tambourine
(amalgamated with DAP BIR). A first 'tambour' was a gorilla silverback beating
the fur of his chest. I remember having read of African tribes communicating
with each other over long distances by beating wooden drums and conveying
sentences that are understood verbatim, word for word, by the receivers of the
message, probably due to what I call micro-timing, in combination with a
relatively small vocabulary and a repertoir of
standing expressions and phrases. (Hunting Piraha
convey sentences by whistling.) Latin verbum 'word' might combine the fur BIR
with onomatopoeic -bum German Bumm English boom, a
parallel being bong- in the name of the bonga drum.
French mot 'word' may be akin to motoric, from Magdalenian MOT for a repetitive
forward and backward movement, as in cutting TOM and cleaning a hide with a
stone knive, or beating the fur of a tambourine.
Italian parola 'word' and French parole and parler 'speak' may combine the fur BIR with having the say
)OG or LOG, the beaten fur of a tambourine accompanying or even conveying the
word of a shaman or shamaness.
Maybe
the rhythmic beating of a tambourine was the origin of meters like the iamb and
hexameter in poetry? while Magdalenian double formulae
with often similar sounding words may have an echo in pairs of lines held
together by alliteration and rhyme?
(a deep dualism 1/3 – verbal morphospace
and elements of meaning)
Are
'semantic atoms' and 'prime words' more than metaphors? Can we find primes
among the words in a dictionary as we find primes among the natural numbers -
unambiguous units of meaning?
Let
me try 'big' and 'bigger' as fairly basic words.
Proto-Indo-European
has no explanation for Middle English big(ge)
'strong, mighty' and New English big, while Magdalenian offers PEC for animals
like the ibex, also Latin pecus 'cattle, mainly sheep
and goats and swine (pecus pec-
pig?)' and pecunia 'money' in reference to a valuable
and heavy Roman bronze ingot decorated with a cow and worth a cow, a precious
animal and life insurance for a farmer family in Roman times; then Old English buc(c) and bucca Middle English bukke New English buck and German Bock. Analogously MUC for
bull has derivatives in Greek mega 'big' and English much, also might and
mighty, in Italian mucca 'cow' and Swiss Mocke for something (also comparatively) big and roundish
or compact. Big and mega are then metaphors referring to cow and bull as big
and heavy and strong animals that were most important for our ancestors;
consider also that the first letter in the alphabet – Semitic aleph Greek
alpha – originally
represented the head of an ox.
The
word big is not really a unit of meaning but may be said to have been attracted
by a concept of the mind.
How
about bigger? 5 is bigger than 3, however, 5 dimes are a smaller sum of money
than 3 dollars. The problem becomes even deeper when we consider the natural
numbers 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 ... n and the prime numbers 2 3 5 7 11 ...
among them. While the number of naturals grows constantly (n) the number of
primes among them grows more slowly (approaching n divided by the natural
logarithm of n). There are more naturals than primes, even infinitely many more
(their ratio slowly approximating the natural logarithm of n). On the other
hand, naturals and primes can be paired unambiguously
1 2, 2 3, 3 5, 4 7, 5 11, 6 13, 7 17, 8
19, 9 23, 10 29, 11 31, 12 37 ...
hence
the set of naturals and the set of primes have the same size, aleph-zero,
neither set is bigger or smaller. (Aleph-zero names the lowest of infinitely
many ever higher infinities.)
When
'bigger' can be more and infinitely many more but also the same size, neither
bigger nor smaller, and this in the case of the same numbers (naturals and
primes), the seemingly basic word becomes relative and ambiguous. We can
neither let it go nor rely on it entirely. Perhaps we need a complementary way
of looking at words?
A
dictionary defines a word with other words in a circular web logic. I recommend
the study of minimal word spaces (a few words and their relations) used for a
task that requires cooperation. Minimal word spaces may shed light on the
architecture of actual word spaces, and what I call the verbal morphospace in between (a loan from evolutionary biology).
Maybe verbal morphospace and semantic element are a
deep dualism like wave or field and particle in quantum theory?
(a deep dualism 2/3 – what are numbers?)
Ian
Stewart, in: Taming the Infinite, Quercus London 2008
The meaning of 'number' is a surprisingly
difficult conceptual and
philosophical
problem. It is made all the more frustrating as we all
know perfectly
well how to use numbers. We know how they behave,
but not what they
are.
Let
me try a dualistic definition. Mathematics, in my opinion, is the logic of
building and maintaining, based on the formula a = a
that may generate sort of a logic 'field' the 'particles' of which are
numbers – naturals, integers, rationals,
irrationals, reals, imaginary numbers, complex numbers, quaternions, transfinites,
infinitesimals, surrealistic numbers, and so on, whatever will come next, all
of them incorporating mathematical logic that makes them ideals of the
technical realm.
A
machine (9) is assembled from parts (1, 3, 5)
1 plus 3 plus 5 equals 9
We
wish to take it apart, in order to clean or repair it
9 equals 3 plus 1 plus 5
and
then to reassemble it again from the parts, getting back the well functioning
machine we had before
5 plus 1 plus 3 equals 9
Numbers
can be taken apart in many ways, and then be put together again, for example 1
or 1/1 given as '1
1 = '1
1 = '1x2 '2
1 = '1x2 '2x3 '3
1 = '1x2 '2x3 '3x4 '4
1 = '1x2 '2x3 '3x4 '4x5 '5
1 = '1x2 '2x3 '3x4 '4x5 '5x6 '6
1 =
'1x2 '2x3 '3x4 '4x5 '5x6 '6x7 '7
'1x2 '2x3 '3x4 '4x5 '5x6 '6x7 '7 = 1
'2 '6 '12 '20 '30 '42 '7 = 1
Turning
the stairway into an infinite series
'1x2 '2x3 '3x4 '4x5 '5x6 '6x7 '7x8 '8x9
'9x10 '10x11 ... = 1
A
subseries approximates pi/4
'1x2 '2x3
'5x6 '6x7 '9x10 '10x11 '13x15 '15x17
'21x23 '23x25 ... = pi/4
and
can be transformed as follows
'1x3 '5x7 '9x11 '13x15 '17x19 '21x23
'25x27 ... = pi/8
and
then turned into a stairway number for pi
8 times '1x3 '16
8
times '1x3 '5x7 '32
8 times '1x3 '5x7 '9x11 '48
8 times '1x3 '5x7 '9x11 '13x15 '64
8 times '1x3 '5x7 '9x11 '13x15 '17x19 '80
8 times '1x3 '5x7 '9x11 '13x15 '17x19
'21x23 '96
8 times '1x3 '5x7 '9x11 '13x15 '17x19
'21x23 '25x27 '112
Patterns
emerging from numbers may be seen as 'field lines' of mathematical logic.
(a deep dualism 3/3 – reformulating Gödel)
Half
a century of personal studies led me to the triangle of language whose corners
are
life with needs
and wishes
mathematics,
logic of building and maintaining
based on the
formula a = a
art, human
measure in a technical world
based on Goethe's
formula
all is equal, all
unequal ...
known to artists
of all times
Gödel
would have shown that the mathematical corner can't be separated from this
triangle. Mathematical logic is powerful but can only provisionally be secured
from the other side of logic, the border in between being marked by paradoxa and emanations of the infinite, equal unequal in
themselves.
Galileo
famously wrote that the book of nature is written in the language of
mathematics. Einstein was dreaming of a physics that can get rid of the weird
natural constants and relies entirely on mathematical numbers like 2 and e and
pi. And the cosmologist Max Tegmark believes that the universe can not only be
understood via mathematics but ultimately is
mathematics.
God
may understand all of the world in mathematical terms and have written the
metaphorical book of nature in the language of mathematics; we, however, can
only decipher the first lines on the first page in the first volume on the
first shelf in the first room of an immense library. For our limited mind, the
world breaks apart into equal unequal. Mathematical logic makes us proceed
technologically, while art helps us integrate technology into life and society
and nature.
If
numbers incorporate mathematical logic based on the formula a = a, words
incorporate the wider logic of equal unequal. This means that language can only
partly be formalized, never completely, and that we can never get rid of the
Liar Paradox in its various forms – it is just a reminder of the other
side of logic, of the wider logic of equal unequal.
PS Mathematical logic is often considered logic
per se, which is a mistake, and one that makes many school children suffer.
Mathematics and mathematical logic are based on the formula a = a
that appears to be self-evident. But is it so? Are there two things in
the world that are exactly the same, absolutely equal, identical? And is there
anything that remains unchanged forever? An apple is an apple, but one apple
may be red and sweet, the other green and sour, and what if the apple is eaten?
We human beings are all the same and all different, with our special traits and
features and abilities and fates. Not even monozygotic twins are completely
identical. Some children are good at mathematics (I was one of them) while
others can’t easily abstract from the differences that make up the richness of
the world. Also their skills are needed and deserve being honored.
(Etruscan in the light of Magdalenian
1/5 – una,
thi, tiur, thevru, ushil, zeri, caper, tupi, leu, mi, netshvis, Tages, ais, Tinia,
TYRSANOS, Arno)
Una
'to flow, (water-)course' may be a strongly polished
version of the generic river formula AD DA naming a river that flows toward AD
the sea while coming from DA hills or mountains, also a trading route or a
person going to one place while coming from another; with a nasal infix in the
river name Indus, in Italian andare 'to go', in Latin
unda 'wave' – losing the D in Etruscan una, while the second DA of AD DA may have become Etruscan thi 'water, brook?'. Proto-Indo-European derives Latin unda from *wodr- that accounts
for English water Hittite watar Lithuanian vanduo ... This means that also *wodr-
goes back to AD DA (or perhaps AD DA REO, REO meaning river, Greek hydor 'water').
Tiur
'moon' might refer to the moon bull, from TOR for bull in motion, also present
in thevru 'bull'.
More
demanding is ushil 'sun' and maybe 'noon'. The summer
sun horse of Lascaux was called CA BAL, sky CA hot
BAL, Spanish caballo 'horse'. AS means upward. AS CA
BAL, up with you, (summer) sun horse, rise toward the noon position in the
south! AS CA BAL ushil ? (I see a main problem of Etruscan in strongly polished
forms.) Dan Alexe proposes a diminutive of -z- ‘to
shine, uzi:l naming the sun
as the little shining one. This might have been a later overforming
of a polished compound that was no longer understood.
Zeri
'bright, clear (sky, weather)' is akin to Serri of
the Hurrites, the Serri
bull of the day sky, from TYR for the one who overcomes in the double sense of
rule and give, emphatic Middle Helladic Sseyr (Phaistos Disc, Derk Ohlenroth) Doric Sseus (Wilhelm Larfeld) Homeric Zeus, Greek sky and weather god.
Caper
'coat' has cognates in English cape and cap that somehow capture body and head,
from very ancient *KAPA 'hand, palm, finger, to take, also bite', with
derivatives in way more than one hundred languages (Merritt Ruhlen
et al.).
Tupi
'punishment' evokes DAP for the activity of hands,
French taper 'to knock, beat', suggesting a beating as early punishment.
English beat derives from inverse PAD for the activity of feet, a word of very
many derivatives, among them paw, used by a bear to carry out a blow. DA PAD
David, he delivered out of the paws of the lion and the bear and Goliath.
Leu
'lion' is an easy case, Magdalenian )EI or LEI for an
attacking lion, Swiss Leu for lion.
Another
easy case is mi 'I' from the humming Mm that marks presence, English me French moi (consider also my mine, mon
ma mes, mio mia miei mie, ...).
A
real challenge is netshvis 'reader of a sheep's
liver, seer'. Conspicuous features of a liver were seen as divine messages.
Along the margin of the bronze model of a sheep's liver from Piacenza are
sixteen fields that correspond to the sixteen houses of gods and goddesses
along the horizon. I propose NOT PAS netshvis. NOT
means knowledge acquired via the senses, as verb to note or notice, while PAS
means everywhere (in a plain), here, south and north of me, east and west of me
– further subdivisions being the 8 and 16 heavenly sectors of Etruscan
religion, inhabited by deities who spoke via the liver of a sacrificed sheep.
Divination was introduced by the mythical boy Tages.
Magdalenian DhAG means able, good in the sense of
able. (Tag-words for earth refer to the ancient belief that our able ur-ancestors had been born from the earth.)
Ais
'god' later eis may derive from AIS meaning fate,
Greek aisa, indicating deities as the ones who decide
on the fate of people, a permutation of AIS being SAI for life.
Tinia
was the supreme Etruscan god, equivalent of the Greek Zeus. His name might
derive from TON for to make oneself heard (inverse of NOT). Among the
derivatives of TON are English tone German Ton 'sound', English din, also tin
as clanging metal (tin pan and sheet). Then there are thunder
German Donner. Tinia may may have made himself heard via thunder, on a par
with Zeus the thunderer.
SA
TYR NOS Saturnus Saturn was the founder of the golden
age in Latium. He was mentioned in the form of TYRSANOS on an Etruscan shard
found in the agora of Athens: he overcomes in the double sense of rule and give
TYR from up above (in downward direction) SA and has a mind NOS of his own.
AAR
RAA NOS, he of air AAR and light RAA with a mind NOS,
had been the old sky god and was implored for rain on the Göbekli
Tepe. He became the Hurri
bull of the Hurrites, relegated to the night sky by
the new god TYR Serri in his guise of a bull. AAR RAA
NOS implored for rain that fills river beds would have
named the main river of Etruria, Arnus Arno.
The
polished forms might indicate a mixed population, basically autochthonous,
absorbing numerous migrants from northern Europe (mitochondrial DNA), joined
before 1 100 BC by an influential tribe from Anatolia, mountain land of the
many river valleys, AD DA being the generic river formula, DAL meaning dale or
valley
AD DA DAL
An DA DAL An A DoL Anatolia
(Etruscan
words from www.etruskisch.de )
(Etruscan in the light of Magdalenian
2/5 – pulum
'star', a fable from the beginning of the world)
The
fire giver PIR GID and the fur giver BIR GID and the fertility giver BRI GID
met on the Göbekli Tepe. It
was in the early days, cold and dark. BRI GID complained: I am freezing. BIR
GID gave her a warming fur. But BRI GID went on complaining: It is so dark.
Hereupon PIR GID made a fire that warmed the three mighty sisters and made their
faces shine. Now the women blew into the flames of the bonfire, making it flare
up, and the wind they caused made a million sparks fly into the sky. BRI GID
was delighted: How pretty they are! And look, they hang in the sky, decorating
the heavenly vault, PIR LIC ....
PIR
means fire and LIC means light and luck. BRI GID named the stars that are
specks of light from the fire of PIR GID. LIC became Latin lux genitive lumen,
and PIR LIC pulum in the Magdalenian pidgin called
Etruscan
PIR LIC
PIR Lux PI(R) Lum pulum 'star'
while
a further derivative of LIC may be Etruscan lur
naming the rays of a star.
(Etruscan in the light of Magdalenian
3/5 – numbers taken from an early
calendar?)
September
October November December had once been the months number 7 8 9 10. A regular
year of 365 days and ten months or rather periods may have had
36 37 36 37 36 37 36 37 36 37 days
while
36 double periods of 73 days correspond fairly well to 89 lunations
or synodic months (there are further correspondences of a practical value).
The
Etruscans used a decimal number system. Here tentative explanations of the
numbers 1 2 3 4 5 6 9 and 10 in the frame of the above calendar and a regular
year of 365 days:
thu 'one' – period number
one, beginning with the winter solstice, from December 21 till January 25 in
our modern calendar, honoring the Divine Hind or Hind Woman who called life
into existence. Her name was CER -: I -: (pronounce the lip lick -: by
touching both lips with the tip of the tongue.) Among the many derivatives of
-: I -: are articles like English the (which call the subsequent noun into
existence), and possibly also Etruscan thu
'one' and 'a/an' (a word, an article). Period number one in the above calendar
calls the year into existence
zal 'two' – period number
two, 37 days, January 26 till March 3, when the watery ground SAL is frozen,
Italian gelato
ci
'three' – period number three, 36 days, March 4 till April 8, period of
the spring equinox (March 21), honoring the bird goddess of 'Old Europe' (Marija Gimbutas, Ki Ri Ke given as cross line angle,
surviving in Homer's Kirkae Circe, from the emphatic
formula CA AAR RAA CA, she in the sky CA of air AAR and light RAA, she in the
sky CA
mach 'four' – period number
four, 37 days, April 9 till May 15, honoring the bull MUC. The Divine Hind of
Altamira called life into existence, also moon bulls.
A beautiful and large hind painted in that cave licks the horns of a small
bison under her hind1.JPG
huth 'five' – period number
five, 36 days, May 16 till June 20, when arbors and huts where built in honor
of the Divine Hind Woman, from KOD for hut
sha 'six – period number six,
37 days, beginning with the summer solstice, June 21 till July 27, when the sun
(horse) rules the sky, ruler ShA
ciem 'seven' – period number
seven, 36 days, July 28 till September 1, ??
eslem 'eight' – period number
eight, 37 days, September 2 till October 8, period of the fall equinox
(September 23), ??
thunem 'nine' – period number
nine, 36 days, October 9 till November 13, harvest festival, honoring the
Divine Hind Woman and Etruscan fertility goddess Uni
in personal-union
sar 'ten' – period number
ten, 37 days, November 14 till December 20, honoring TYRSANOS mentioned on an
Etruscan shard found in the agora of Athens: he overcomes in the double way of
rule and give TYR from above (in downward direction) SA and has a mind NOS of
his own; Roman version SA TYR NOS Saturnus Saturn,
founder of the golden age in Latium. The Saturnalia were celebrated in later
December. Sar may be an emphatic form of TYR, while
TYRSANOS may have been a title of Tinia whose wife
was the fertility goddess Uni. (The pair of them is mentioned on the newly
discovered stele from Poggio Buco.
I look forward to a transliteration and translation of the long inscription.) Uni became the Roman Juno, wife of ShA
PAD TYR Jupitter Jupiter Jovis
Giove, the ruler ShA goes
(ahead) PAD and overcomes in the double sense of rule and give TYR, DhAG PAD TYR Dis pater, byname of Jupiter, the able one DhAG goes (ahead) PAD and overcomes in the double sense of
rule and give TYR.
The
calendar periods 1 3 5 9 are female, the periods 4 10 male, suggesting 1 3 5 7
9 female and 2 4 6 8 10 male. Period six would then be male, and really, the midsummer
horses are stallions ushil.jpg The lower picture shows the impasto chalice
from Narce, Lazio, on the rim two pairs of horses,
the lower ones – only head and neck visible – representing
midwinter, December 21, New Year, the upper ones – fully visible –
midsummer, June 21, beginning of the second half year. The rim is then a year,
the left semi-circle the half year from midwinter to midsummer, the horse
rising to ever higher trajectories, upward AS, and finally becoming the summer
sun horse CA BAL, sky CA hot BAL, together AS CA BAL ushil
‘sun’, in my opinion ‘sun (horse)’, while the right semi-circle represents the
second half year from midsummer to midwinter, the sun horse descending
backward, looking back to summer, when it had its full power …
Concluding
hypothesis: Etruscan might be a Magdalenian pidgin of three main elements, a)
language of the autochthonous population of Etruria, heirs of the Villanova
culture; b) languages of migrants from northern Europe whose presence is
testified to by mitochondrial DNA; and c) a relatively small but influential
tribe from Anatolia arriving in Etruria before 1 100 BC.
(Etruscan in the light of Magdalenian 4/5
– numbers 5 and 10, ritual union of Uni
and Tinia making the land fertile, prediction
regarding the long inscription on the recently discovered stele from Poggio Buco)
ushil.jpg
The rim of the impasto chalice from Narce,
Lazio, can be seen as year; the pair of lower horses, only heads and necks
visible, as midwinter, December 21, New Year; and the group on the other side,
stallion god stallion, as midsummer, June 21, beginning of the second half of
the year. The god in the alternative drawing of the midsummer group raises his
hands and spreads his fingers, one hand referring to the five calendar periods
from midwinter to midsummer, 36 37 36 37 36 sum 182 days, the other hand to the
five periods from midsummer to midwinter, 37 36 37 36 37 sum 183 days, together
a regular year of 365 days - one horse ascending, upward AS, the other horse
descending, backward, still looking upward AS ...
5
times 5 equals 25, and so does the sum of the numbers of the female calendar
periods 1 3 5 7 9. How many days are in 25 years? Begin with 365 days for one
year and add repeatedly 1461 days for four years
365/1
(plus 1461/4)
1820/5 3287/9 4748/13
6209/17 7670/21 9131/25
25
years are practically 9,131 days – 5x5 regular years of 365 days or 5x5x5
double periods of 73 days or 309 lunations
(calculation omitted here) plus 6 leap days.
The
Etruscans believed that their reign will hold for one
thousand years (and were almost right with their prediction). 1,000 years are
40 times 25 years, or 365,240 days (not even two days five hours short of the
exact value).
Conclusion:
the number huth 'five' could have played a special
role in the hypothetical religious calendar of the Etruscans, huth from KOD for tent or hut, here an arbor in honor of Uni as successor of the Divine Hind or Hind Woman of
Magdalenian times; doubled sar 'ten', number of her
husband Tinia, sar an
emphatic form of TYR for the one who overcomes in the double sense of rule and
give.
Seems
there are five eyelets (a couple of them with rings) under the bowl of the
chalice, while the lower part of the stand is composed of ten pillars evoking a
round temple, perhaps the temple wherein a ritual union of Uni
and Tinia was performed in order to ensure the
fertility of the land? Enacted by a priestess of Uni
and a priest of Tinia?
If
so, the recently discovered stele from Poggia Buco (some fifty kilometers NWW
of Narce) dedicated to Uni and Tinia might reveal details of that ritual union.
Predictions are not possible in Paleo-linguistics,
with the one exception when an ancient inscription is discovered. Here we have
such a case. I look forward to the transliteration and translation of the long
inscription on the stele.
(Etruscan in the light of Magdalenian
5/5 – a triple promise for the
beyond)
In
the middle of the rear wall of the beautiful Tomb of Augurs, Tarquinia, 540-520 BC, appears a big red door, painted on
the wall, closed, partly in the ground, reaching the sky, gate to the beyond augur.jpg
Augurs
watched birds and interpreted the way they flew as omina.
A pair of augurs flank the big door, each one standing between three twigs that
may indicate young olive trees, before the left augur a red bird, and perhaps a
falcon before the augur on the right side.
A
'flock' of golden metal fittings on the closed door are painted as tiny yellow
circles or dots: in the middle a vertical line of nine yellow dots (the white
one above them an accidental damage), plus three horizontal bands of six and
six yellow dots, each field of six dots a double line of three dots each
(difficult in words, easy on the eye) augur.jpg
o o o o o o
o
o o o o o o
o
o
o
o o o o o o
o
o o o o o o
o
o
o
o o o o o o
o
o o o o o o
Now
the yellow dots convey a message via the numbers 3 and 6 and 9 in the frame of
the hypothetical religious Etruscan calendar of ten months.
The
number three evokes period 3 of the bird goddess, March 4 till April 8, spring,
the spring equinox in the middle. The number six
evokes period 6, June 21 till July 27, the summer solstice at the beginning.
And the number nine evokes period 9, October 9 till November 13, harvest and a
harvest festival (possibly on a flexible date).
Together
those numbers convey a message, make a triple promise to a worthy soul: once
you pass the door and reach the beyond, you'll experience eternal spring and
summer and a never ending harvest festival rolled in one ...
A
part of the door is belongs to the dark painted ground, possibly indicating a
dark passage between this and the next life, perhaps also eternal darkness for
the soul of an unworthy augur who abused the power he had.
We
may assume that a similar fresco decorated a temple, or a school for aspiring
augurs, teaching them a lesson: make a good use of the power you acquire with
the art of divination.
Postscript for those interested in mathematics: imagine a
decagon of the side length 73 (double calendar period) inscribed in a circle.
The radius of that circle corresponds to four lunations
or synodic months (one lunation lasting 29 days 12 hours 44 minutes 2.9
seconds, modern average from 1989). A round temple based on such a ground plan
could have invoked Uni in her lunar and Tinia in his solar aspect, celebrating their cosmic union,
while a round tomb with an imaginary decagon inside would have provided time
for the beyond.
(Proto-PIE belt 1/8 a fable based on archaeology, the Bible and
Greek mythology)
Magdalenian was the lingua franca of shamans and shamanesses in the last Ice Age of Eurasia. 12,000 years
ago the region of the Göbekli Tepe
in Southeastern Anatolia and Northern Syria was an outpost of Late Magdalenian.
AAR RAA NOS had been the sky god, he of air AAR and light RAA with a mind NOS,
visualized ex negativo by the big limestone ring on
the Göbekli Tepe, implored
for rain that fills river beds. NOS AAR RAA Noah had been the ones who acted in
accordance with the mind NOS of the one of air AAR and light RAA.
Some 9,500 years ago a severe drought was
followed by a hard rain that fell for forty days and forty nights and washed
away the fertile soil. One Noah and his people followed the Euphrates
downward and settled in Sumer, where they founded AAR RAA CA Uruk of the cattle enclosure, Erech
and the ark in the Bible - protected by the one of air AAR and light RAA in the
sky CA. The other Noah and his tribe followed the Euphrates upward and settled
in the land of AAR RAA MAN Araman, he who carries out
the will of the one of air AAR and light RAA with his right hand MAN, Armenia.
Among the sons of the Armenian NOS AAR RAA Noah had been ShA PAD Japheth, the ruler ShA
who goes ahead and leads the way (activity of feet) PAD, and among the sons of
Japheth had been TYR AS Tiras, he or they who worship
the overcomer who both rules and gives TYR up above (upward) AS. Close
derivatives of TYR abound in Central Asia.
AAR RAA NOS became the sky god Ouranos
of Greek mythology. Among the sons of Ouranos were ShA PAD Japetos Japetus (equivalent of Japheth in the Bible, Genesis 10)
and CRE NOS Kronos Cronus, ruling CRE mind NOS (a
more spiritual form of leading, CRE being a permutation of CER for stag hind
shaman shamaness). Among the sons of Cronus was Zeus.
The oldest form of the Zeus name we know so far occurs on the Phaistos Disc as deciphered by Derk
Ohlenroth: Ss Ey R
Sseyr, which can be read as an emphatic
form of TYR for the one who overcomes in the double sense of rule and give -
TYR emphatic Middle Helladic Sseyr (Derk Ohlenroth) Doric Sseus (Wilhlhelm Larfeld) Homeric Zeus. The many derivatives of TYR in
geographical names of Central Asia made me locate the first Indo-European
homeland on the banks of the Amu Darya (going along with William Jones who
placed it in greater Iran), at the southern base of the Alai Mountains, where
copper and the tin ore cassitterite are associated in
the same mines, allowing to cast bronze. The center of the first IE homeland
was the triangle of Termez and Kunduz
and Kurgan T'upe, ruled by the early dynasty of TYR MmOS Termez who considered
themselves the heavenly overcomer's TYR offspring MmOS.
The stripe of land between the Göbekli
Tepe region in the West and the Amu Darya in the East
may be called Proto-PIE belt (Proto-Proto-Indo-European belt), where the
language of the last Ice Age evolved into the language of the early Bronze Age,
where Late Magdalenian became early (Proto-)Indo-European.
Indo-European was fully developed in the second IE homeland in the Uralic
steppes east of the Rha Volga, and in the third IE
homeland in the Pontic steppes west of the Rha Volga. Rha was the ancient
name of the Volga, from Magdalenian REO meaning river,
accounting for the Greek goddess Rhea, mother of Zeus.
(Proto-PIE belt 2/8 a glimpse of Hurrian)
Hurrian might be a now extinct language
of the Proto-PIE belt, as it contains elements of Late Magdalenian from the Göbekli Tepe region and of Early
Indo-European from Central Asia, most notably in the Hurri
bull and Serri bull of Hurrian
mythology.
AAR RAA NOS named the Greek sky god Ouranos,
and the sky god Varuna of the Indus Valley who was
later relegated to the Underworld. The short version AAR RAA named the Hurri bull and the Hurrians. The Hurri bull may once have ruled the day sky but was later on
relegated to the night sky by the Serri bull - serri 'day' hurri 'night'. Serri may be another emphatic form of TYR comparable to Sseyr (Sseus Zeus). TYR in the
form of Serri took over the day sky from AAR RAA Hurri, while the latter in the form of AAR RAA KOS named Urkesh (modern Tell Mozan) in
Syria – this Hurrian metropole
is protected by the one of air AAR and light RAA in the heavenly vault KOS.
Franco Paturzo equates the Tyrsenoi (Greek for Etruscans) with the Tyrsha
of the Caucasus (Anatolian contribution to Etruscan). Tyrsha
has a possible equivalent in Hurrian tarshuwa-ni 'person' (-wa a
Caucasian ending according to Paturzo), drylanders, dwellers of dry land, PIE *ters-
'dry'.
This requires a longer explanation.
Etruscan sha 'six' would have
named period six of the religious calendar of ten periods, alternatingly 36
days (female period, emanation of the goddess) and 37 days (male period,
emanation of the god)
36 37 36 37 36 37
36 37 36 37 sum 365 days
A regular year began with the female period number one on
the winter solstice (December 21), and the second half year
with the male period number six on the summer solstice (June 21). TYR ShA, the overcomer TYR is the ruler ShA,
worshipped by the Tyrsha, would then have been the
god of the summer solstice who warmed the land and made it dry, accounting for
TYR ShA tarshu(wa-ni) as dwellers of dry land,
in a shorter form PIE *ters- 'dry', while TYR ShA reduced to ShA would account
for Etruscan sha 'six' in reference to the summer
solstice at the beginning of period number six in the religious calendar of ten
periods.
The hypothetical Etruscan religious calendar would have used
the numerical model of the also hypothetical Late Magdalenian Calendar while
changing the names of the ten periods of time. Period six would originally have
been called SAI SAI life life,
expressing the joy of summer. Emphatic SAI SAI would
have become Hurrian sese (sheshe) or seeze (sheedshe) in reference to the Late Magdalenian Calendar.
(Proto-PIE belt 3/8 summer solstice and number six)
Period number six of the Late Magdalenian Calendar beginning
on the summer solstice (June 21) would have been called SAI SAI
life life which might have accounted for 'six' in
many languages (more later).
The summer solstice and the number six are also related in a
pair of calendars encoded in Terrazzo Building 1 and 2 at Nevali
Cori (Chori) in the region and from the era of the Göbekli Tepe.
Terrazzo Building 1
13 pillars along
the periphery for 13 months of 28 days,
space between pair of larger central pillars for 1 or 2 more
days,
yielding a regular year of 365 days and occasional leap year
of 366 days
while 135 continuous periods of 28 days are 3,750 days
and correspond to 128 lunations or
synodic months
Terrazzo Building 2 replacing Building 1
12 pillars along
the periphery for 12 months of 30 days,
space between pair of larger central pillars for 1 or 2 more
days,
yielding a regular year of 365 days and occasional leap year
of 366 days
while 63 continuous periods of 30 days are 1,890 days
and correspond to 64 lunations or
synodic months
Regular year of Building 1
Dec 22 –
Jan 18 New Year
following winter solstice
Jan 19 – Feb 15
Feb 16 –
Mar 15
Mar 16 –
Apr 12
Apr 13 –
May 10
May 11 –
Jun 7
Jun 8 – Jul
5 summer
solstice in the middle
Jul 6 – Aug
2
Aug 3 – Aug
30
Aug 31 –
Sep 27
Sep 28 –
Oct 25
Oct 26 –
Nov 22
Nov 23 – Dec 20
December 21 winter solstice,
New Year's Eve
The month of the summer solstice (June 8 – July 5,
solstice in the middle) was preceeded by six months
and followed by another six months.
Regular Year of Building 2
Dec 22 –
Jan 20 New Year
following winter solstice
Jan 21 –
Feb 19
Feb 20 –
Mar 21 month
ending on spring equinox (Mar 21)
Mar 22 –
Apr 20
Apr 21 –
May 20
May 21 –
Jun 19
June 20 21 22 summer festival,
solstice in the middle
Jun 23 –
Jul 22
Jul 23 –
Aug 21
Aug 22 –
Sep 20
Sep 21 –
Oct 20 fall
equinox near beginning (Sep 23)
Oct 21 –
Nov 19
Nov 20 –
Dec 19
December 20 21 winter festival,
solstice at the end, New Year's Eve
The three days of the summer festival – solstice in
the middle – were preceded by six months and followed by another six
months.
(Proto-PIE belt 4/8 'sex' and 'six' related ?)
September October November December name the months number septem 'seven' octo 'eight' novem 'nine' decem 'ten'. If
properly named in a year of a dozen months they'd be November December Undecimber Duodecimber, months
number 9 10 11 12 respectively. So I assume an older calendar which I call the
Late Magdalenian Calendar, a hypothetical calendar that may have originated
between 14,000 and 13,000 years ago and which I reconstructed as follows, here
in a short version, a regular year of 36 37 36 37 36 37 36 37 sum 365 days
IAS 36 days beginning on winter solstice (December 21)
CED 37 days
PhON 36 days
DKO 37 days
PAS 36 days
SAI SAI 37 days beginning on summer solstice (June 21)
SAP 36 days
OKD 37 days
NOPh 36 days
DEC 37 days
(36 double periods of 73 days are 2,628 days and correspond
to 89 lunations or synodic months.)
The glorious rotunda of Lascaux symbolizes the early morning
of the summer solstice (June 21), red summer sun horse rising above the horizon
of the ledge (the proud white bull by her side a full moon occurring at the
same time). For the highly complex menhir site Yverdon-Clendy in Western Switzerland I reconstructed a
midsummer love-in. Consider also A Midsummer Night's Dream by Edward de Vere alias William Shakespeare. Calendar period SAI SAI life life would have covered
most of our July: June 21 till July 27. The name July honors Julius Caesar
whose family claimed to have descended from the love goddess Venus. All this
made me assume that emphatic SAI SAI life life accounts for English sex, and, as name of calendar
period six, also for the name of this number in many languages.
Mallory and Adams
The word for 'six' shows a multiplicity of reconstructions.
Phonologically
most complex, and probably the oldest,
is *ksweks which lies behind Av(estan)
xsvas (xshvash).
The emphatic doubling SAI SAI may
have been further emphasized in xAI xAI
SAI SAI xAI xAI xwAI x *ksweks
SAI SAI xAI xAI xwAI x xshvash
Also Hurrian sese
(sheshe) or seeze (sheedshe) was invoked as possible origin of the word for
this number
SAI SAI ShAI ShAI sheshe
SAI SAI ShAI ShAI shedshe
(Proto-PIE belt 5/8 earth and water)
Animals in European cave art and in the rock art of Southern
Africa are often depicted as if emerging from or disappearing into clefts and
niches in the rock, anticipating Vladimir Vernadsky's
famous dictum of life being the metamorphosis of rock. The same or a similar
idea might have been conveyed by a shamanic double formula
DA AC SOMm
AD AC SOMm
away from DA toward
AD expanse of land with water AC body SOMm
From DA earth AC
bodies SOMm are made
and to AD earth AC bodies SOMm
return
('from dust to dust' in the modern version)
DA AC SOMm *dheghom
'earth' ? among the
derivatives are words for earth and similar words for human being. AC named an
expanse of land with water, inverse CA the sky. AC CA would have been the
original name of the Göbekli Tepe:
where earth AC and sky CA are meeting, or where they had been separated from
each other in the beginning, when the world was created. (An Ancient Egyptian
source mentions a Syrian province by the name of aqa, this might have been
the wider Göbekli Tepe
region.) AC CA named the Indo-European earth goddess akka
(a stammered name according to Julius Pokorny, a
meaningful name in the light of Magdalenian), Hebrew Hawwa
'mother of all life' English Eve, and via the inverse compound CA AC the Greek
earth goddess Gaia. AC CA Latin aqua 'water' refers to rain obtained via an
exchange between earth and sky: implored from below, provided from above.
SAL for the watery ground of a valley or dale DAL may
account for Latin solum 'ground' and solium 'seat', perhaps in the sense of a seat or place or
mansion or village being surrounded by humid hence fertile earth, Latin solium accounting for English soil.
Adam as the one made of earth or clay is an overforming of AD DA MAN of the Göbekli
Tepe male triad. He made rivers that flow toward AD
the sea while coming from DA hills or mountains, and made them with his right
hand MAN, and was the divine patron of early farmers digging irrigation
channels (imagine them covered in mud, as if made of clay). AD DA REO might
account for *wodr 'water' and *h2eP- 'river' as living
water, water on the move (Mallory and Adams), water flowing toward AD the sea
while coming from DA hills or mountains and forming a river REO, the
permutation ORE meaning beautiful - REO Rha Volga,
REO NOS Renus Rhine, the river has a mind of its own,
REO DON NOS Rodanus Rhone, the river makes itself
heard and has a mind of its own ...
CER -: I -: was the Divine Hind who called life into
existence, animals out of clefts and niches in rock, CER meaning stag hind
shaman shamaness; pronounce the lip lick -: by
touching both lips with the tip of the tongue. Shamanic rituals were believed
to make the ground fertile, so CER might have accounted for *h1er 'earth', CER
-: for English earth and German Erde, also for German
Erz English ore, considering that the first human
race in an ancient myth I locate in Central Asia were people made of ore, of
metal, dwelling inside the beautiful hall of the world mountain in the center
of AD LAS Atlantis, island oriented toward AD the mountain LAS in a bardic vision of the first world before the Flood, an oral
epic from the banks of the Amu Darya south of the Alai Mountains where the
first Indo-Europeans lived as a miner people centered in the triangle of Termez and Kunduz and Kurgan T'upe.
(Proto-PIE belt 6/8 Etruscan)
AAR RAA NOS had been the sky god of the Göbekli
Tepe, he of air AAR and light RAA with a mind NOS, while a double formula named the supreme sky and
weather god of the Chalcolithic and Bronze Age and Iron Age
ShA PAD TYR AS CA
DhAG PAD TYR AS CA
The ruler ShA goes ahead (activity of feet) PAD
and overcomes in the double sense of rule and give TYR
up above (upward) AS in the sky CA,
The able one DhAG ... (repetition)
Among the derivatives are ShA PAD
Japheth (Bible) Japetos Japetus
(Greek mythology); ShA PAD TYR Jupitter
Jupiter Jovis Giove, DhAG PAD TYR Dis pater, byname of Jupiter; TYR sun archer Tir of the Armenian Bronze Age (both man and woman); TYR
emphatic Middle Helladic Sseyr (Phaistos
Disc, Derk Ohlenroth) Doric
Sseus (Wilhelm Larfeld)
Homeric Zeus; consider also the Serri bull of the Hurrians; ShA CA DhAG CA Jahwe, rider of clouds from Mount Seir
(!) in the Negev; ShA PAD Shiva and the TYR CA Durga emanation of his wife; TYR CA Turk-; TYR AS Tiras in the Bible (Genesis 10).
Franco Paturzo (Etruschi, Enigma delle origine, Letizia
Editore 2005) equates the Tyrsenoi (Greek for Etruscans) with the Tyrsha of the
Caucasus, and believes that they and further tribes were driven southward by
the mighty empire of the Hittites, whereupon they wandered westward and settled
in Arzawa (Lydia, Southeast Anatolia), Rasenna having been a charismatic
leader, and later on a king of Arzawa and his people sailed across the Aegean
and settled among the population of Etruria, heirs of the local Villanova
culture (my summary, hope I got it right). Further migrants would have come
from Northern Europe (mitochondrial DNA). Let us read the names Tyrsha Tyrsenoi Rasenna Arzawa in the light of
Magdalenian.
The Tyrsha would have worshipped
the heavenly overcomer TYR as their ruler ShA, while
the Tyrsenoi (Etruscans) worshipped TYRSANOS
mentioned on an Etruscan shard found in the agora of Athens: he overcomes in
the double sense of rule and give TYR from above (downward) SA and has a mind NOS
of his own. The god is better known in the form of SA TYR NOS Saturnus Saturn, founder of the golden age of Latium: from
above (downward) SA the god overcomes in the double sense of rule and give TYR
and has a mind NOS of his own.
Saturn was the equivalent of Kronos
Cronus, a son of AAR RAA NOS Ouranos and the father
of TYR Sseyr Sseus Zeus. He
held a position between the sky god of the Göbekli Tepe and the sky god of the Amu Darya. Analogously the
Anatolian contribution to Etruscan were language elements
from the Proto-PIE belt. AAR RAA NOS implored for rain that fills river beds named the Arnus Arno,
while TYR named the Tyrsenoi.
RYT, inverse of TYR, means spear thrower, archer, Greek rhytaer 'archer, protector'. Etruscan rath
'what is being ejected' goes along with a thrown spear and shot arrow. Further
derivatives of RYT are German Ross und Reiter 'horse and rider' and German
Ritter 'knight', originally a riding archer. Franco Paturzo
makes a connection between Ras- in Rasenna and -rz- in Arzawa, so we may assume that Rasenna
was a riding archer, and Arzawa a kingdom of riding
archers, and Russia, land of the Rus, originally a
nation of riding archers, originating in the Crimea that once belonged to the
third Indo-European homeland west of the Rha Volga.
(Proto-PIE belt 7/8 Svaneti and Tec
Sans)
The Anatolian contribution to the language that became
Etruscan would have come from the Caucasus and may have combined elements of
Svan, Kartvelian, Armenian, Urartaean, Hurrian. Dan Alexe
finds parallels in the grammars of Etruscan and Svan.
This made me have a look at Svan (language) of the Svani (people) in Svaneti
(region).
The Greeks called the Svani Soanes, while the Etruscan town of Siena is believed to
have been called Saina in earlier times, whence
attested Saena Siena. Possible compounds are
SAI NOS Soanes Svani
SAI NOS Saina Saena Siena
They who worship
a god who has life SAI on his mind NOS, and their town
POL SAI NOS Volsinii Bolsena
fortified settlement POL of those who worship the god who
has life SAI on his mind NOS
SAI NOS DhAG Svaneti
land of those who worship the above god, an able god
SAI NOS DhAG Latin sanctus ‘holy’
DhAG SAI NOS Tec
Sans, Etruscan god, protecting boys and girls (Robert E. A. Palmer)
Hypothesis: The Svani of the
Bronze Age and Iron Age worshipped a god who protected life, especially the
young ones. His name or epithet was derived from SAI NOS DhAG.
Later on he was replaced by St George who had saved a young woman from a
dragon, named Georgia, and is worshipped as protector of all humanity by the Svani whose land is named for the god, SAI NOS DhAG Svaneti. When a Svani tribe reached Etruria,
they settled in the arc of SAI NOS Saina Saena Siena, Perugia, and Volsinii
(Orvieto) / Volsinii Novi (Bolsena). SAI NOS DhAG in the
form of DhAG SAI NOS became the Etruscan god Tec
Sans, protector of boys and girls, worshipped in Peli
near Perugia.
This a first hunch. I should know more
about Svani archaeology and mythology.
(Proto-PIE belt 8/8 Armenia Urartu
Etruria)
Further compounds (not yet certain about all of them)
AAR RAA KOS
Araxas – river filled with rain
sent by the one of air AAR and light RAA in the heavenly vault KOS
AAR RAA MAN
Araman Armenian – he carries out
the will of the one of air AAR and light RAA with his right hand MAN (consider
also AAR RAA in Yerewan)
AAR RAA RYT
Ararat – mountain of the one of air AAR and light RAA,
sun archer RYT (inverse TYR accounting for the sun archer Tir
of the Armenian Bronze Age, TYR and inverse RYT combined)
AAR RAA RYT
Urartu – land of those who
worship the one of air AAR and light RAA as thrower RYT of lightning and
thunderbolts (the Etruscans made clay imitations of Urartaean
silver ware)
TYR RYT CA
Etrusc(us) – worshipper of the
one who overcomes in the double sense of rule and give TYR and is the sun
archer and thrower of lightning and thunderbolts RYT in the sky CA
TYR RYT RIA
Etruria – land of the believers in the one who
overcomes in the double sense of rule and give TYR and is the sun archer and
thrower of lightning and thunderbolts RYT, Etruria, our joy and pride RIA
(exclamation)
